Interface Cérebro Máquina: Uma Tecnologia de Comunicação direta com o Cérebro
Thursday, 27 de May de 2021
O termo ICM surgiu em 1973 com o pesquisador Belga, Jacques Vidal, que publicou no seminário a seguinte indagação: "Esses sinais elétricos cerebrais observados podem ser usados como portadores de informação na comunicação homem-computador ou com o propósito de controlar aparelhos externos como próteses ou espaçonaves?" (Vidal, 1973). A Interface Cérebro Máquina (ICM), também chamada de Interface Cérebro-Computador ou Interface Mente-Computador. é definida atualmente como um sistema tecnológico complexo que possibilita realizar o bypass da informação da atividade cerebral para o controle de objetos físicos e virtuais sem necessitar do engajamento e participação de nervos periféricos ou músculos (PFURTSCHELLER et al., 2006; HOFFMANN et al., 2007; NICOLAS-ALONSO; GOMEZ-GIL, 2012; MUSSATTO; SILVA, 2014; LAZAROU et al., 2018). A ICM é compreendida como uma tecnologia capaz de realizar a comunicação DIRETA entre o CÉREBRO e o AMBIENTE EXTERNO. Ou seja, as BCIs oferecem uma maneira de contornar as vias nervosas típicas, fornecendo novas vias de saída para interagir com uma variedade de aplicativos que substituem, melhoram, aumentam, restauram e complementam a saída do sistema nervoso central do usuário humano.
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